How natural flavour labelling differs between the FDA rule (21 CFR 101.22) and EU Regulation 1334/2008: definitions, WONF and 'flavored' wording, the EU 95% named-source rule, worked label examples and common mistakes....
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Vitamin D supplements sold in the US must declare vitamin D in mcg (IU optional), show % Daily Value on 20 mcg, meet the declared amount through shelf life and keep claims within structure/function or...
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How US rules apply to fermented foods and drinks: TTB's 0.5% ABV line for kombucha, acidified vs naturally fermented foods under 21 CFR 114, live-culture and CFU labelling, health and structure/function claims, and state rules....
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Scaling a fermented food from flask to a 10,000 L tank changes mixing, heat and oxygen. How to build a seed train, control the vessel, choose batch or continuous runs, pick the right US process...
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Retort pouch materials explained for UK brands: what the PET, foil or coated film, and polypropylene layers each do, how barrier and migration change after retorting, which UK food-contact and packaging rules apply, and when...
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What UK law requires before a shelf-stable ready meal goes on sale: registration or approval, HACCP, a validated heat process for low-acid meals, labelling and HFSS rules, and how the four nations differ....
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A standardised herbal extract must be proven twice: a validated HPLC marker assay shows its strength, and HPTLC fingerprinting and DNA barcoding show it is the right plant. What each method can and cannot prove,...
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Hurdle technology combines pH, water activity, preservatives and mild heat so a functional drink stays safe and shelf-stable with less damage to its actives. How each hurdle works, where it fails, and which FDA process...
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An AYUSH licence is a state drug licence for Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani medicines; herbal supplements sit under FSSAI with a central licence. How the claim decides the route, with an ashwagandha capsule example....
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Energy drink regulations in the UAE and GCC rest on GSO 1926: caffeine of 145–320 mg/L, fixed warnings and separate shelving, plus an under-16 sales ban in the UAE, Saudi advertising limits and 100% excise....
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